08 July 2008

Data, Information, Knowledge, & Wisdom

Data, Information, Knowledge, & Wisdom: "According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:

1. Data: symbols

2. Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to 'who', 'what', 'where', and 'when' questions

3. Knowledge: application of data and information; answers 'how' questions

4. Understanding: appreciation of 'why'

5. Wisdom: evaluated understanding."

2 comments:

Andrew Carey said...

Some people add a sixth: foresight, which I suppose you might see as an emergent property of wisdom.

Tom Beek said...

Foresight and wisdom go hand in hand. An interesting fact is that if the people studying the data/information/knowledge have to already have foresight and wisdom.